Physical and Mechanical Properties of Paulownia tomentosa x elongata Sawn Wood from Spanish, Bulgarian and Serbian Plantations

M.C. Barbu; K. Buresova; E.M. Tudor; A. Petutschnigg

doi:10.3390/f13101543

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Paulownia tomentosa x elongata Sawn Wood from Spanish, Bulgarian and Serbian Plantations

M.C. Barbu, K. Buresova, E.M. Tudor^*, A. Petutschnigg

^*Corresponding author for this work

Faculty of Furniture Design and Wood Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov
Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The aim of this research is the characterization of physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia sawn wood from three plantation sites in Europe, namely Spain, Bulgaria and Serbia. As a fast-growing wood species, Paulownia has a significant positive forecast for the European markets and a wide range of possible applications that still need to be explored. For this purpose, Paulownia tomentosa(Tunb.) x elongata(S.Y. Hu) wood species was investigated. Sorption behaviour, Brinell hardness, 3-point bending strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, compressive strength and screw withdrawal resistance were examined in detail. The samples from Spain have the higher average bulk density (266 kg/m3), 3-point flexural strength (~40 N/mm2), 3-point flexural modulus of elasticity (~4900 N/mm2), compressive strength (~23 N/mm2), tensile strength (~44 N/mm2) and screw withdrawal resistance (~56 N/mm). The plantation wood from Bulgaria has the highest average of annual ring width (46 mm). Paulownia wood has potential in lightweight applications and can replace successfully expensive tropical species as Balsa.

Original language	English
Journal	Forests
Volume	13
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/f13101543
Publication status	Published - 21 Sept 2022

Keywords

lightweight
Paulownia tomentosa x elongata
physical and mechanical properties
plantation wood
Bending strength
Compressive strength
Elastic moduli
Tensile strength
Wood
Bulgaria
European markets
Flexural modulus
Lightweight
Paulownia tomentosa
Physical and mechanical properties
Plantation wood
Sawnwoods
Sorption behaviors
Screws
bending
compressive strength
construction material
forecasting method
mechanical property
tensile strength
wood
Bend Strength
Compression Strength
Tensile Strength
Serbia
Spain

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10.3390/f13101543

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140742719&doi=10.3390%2ff13101543&partnerID=40&md5=6f3969b6f2be0cd8109e3c223dc11dc2

Cite this

@article{f2f80778b2c74ab0967377d8f739c436,

title = "Physical and Mechanical Properties of Paulownia tomentosa x elongata Sawn Wood from Spanish, Bulgarian and Serbian Plantations",

abstract = "The aim of this research is the characterization of physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia sawn wood from three plantation sites in Europe, namely Spain, Bulgaria and Serbia. As a fast-growing wood species, Paulownia has a significant positive forecast for the European markets and a wide range of possible applications that still need to be explored. For this purpose, Paulownia tomentosa(Tunb.) x elongata(S.Y. Hu) wood species was investigated. Sorption behaviour, Brinell hardness, 3-point bending strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, compressive strength and screw withdrawal resistance were examined in detail. The samples from Spain have the higher average bulk density (266 kg/m3), 3-point flexural strength (\textasciitilde{}40 N/mm2), 3-point flexural modulus of elasticity (\textasciitilde{}4900 N/mm2), compressive strength (\textasciitilde{}23 N/mm2), tensile strength (\textasciitilde{}44 N/mm2) and screw withdrawal resistance (\textasciitilde{}56 N/mm). The plantation wood from Bulgaria has the highest average of annual ring width (46 mm). Paulownia wood has potential in lightweight applications and can replace successfully expensive tropical species as Balsa.",

keywords = "lightweight, Paulownia tomentosa x elongata, physical and mechanical properties, plantation wood, Bending strength, Compressive strength, Elastic moduli, Tensile strength, Wood, Bulgaria, European markets, Flexural modulus, Lightweight, Paulownia tomentosa, Physical and mechanical properties, Plantation wood, Sawnwoods, Sorption behaviors, Screws, bending, compressive strength, construction material, forecasting method, mechanical property, tensile strength, wood, Bend Strength, Compression Strength, Tensile Strength, Serbia, Spain",

author = "M.C. Barbu and K. Buresova and E.M. Tudor and A. Petutschnigg",

note = "Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 December 2023 Correspondence Address: Tudor, E.M.; Forest Products Technology and Timber Construction Department, Markt 136a, Austria; email: [email protected] References: Koman, S., Feher, S., Physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia clone in vitro 112 (2020) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 78, pp. 421-423; Jensen, J.B., An Investigation into the Suitability of Paulownia as an Agroforestry Species for UK \& NW European Farming Systems (2016) Master{\textquoteright}s Dissertation, , Coventry University, Coventry, UK; Akyildiz, M.H., Kol, H.S., Some technological properties and uses of paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa Steud.) wood (2010) J. Environ. Biol, 31, pp. 351-355. , 21047010; Gyuleva, V., Stankova, T., Zhyanski, M., Glushkova, M., Andonova, E., Growth and Development of Paulownia tomentosa and Paulownia elongata x fortunei in Glasshouse Experiment (2020) Bulg. J. Soil Sci, 5, pp. 126-142; Jakubowski, M., Cultivation Potential and Uses of Paulownia Wood: A Review (2022) Forests, 13; Feng, Y., Cui, L., Zhao, Y., Qiao, J., Wang, B., Yang, C., Zhou, H., Chang, D., Comprehensive Selection of the Wood Properties of Paulownia Clones Grown in the Hilly Region of Southern China: Feng, Y. et al (2020) BioResources, 15, pp. 1098-1111; Abbasi, M., Pishvaee, M.S., Bairamzadeh, S., Land suitability assessment for Paulownia cultivation using combined GIS and Z-number DEA: A case study (2020) Comput. Electron. Agric, 176, p. 105666; Lucas-Borja, M.E., Wic-Baena, C., Moreno, J.L., Dadi, T., Garc{\'i}a, C., Andr{\'e}s-Abell{\'a}n, M., Microbial activity in soils under fast-growing Paulownia (Paulownia elongata x fortunei) plantations in Mediterranean areas (2011) Appl. Soil Ecol, 51, pp. 42-51; Cao, Y., Sun, G., Zhai, X., Xu, P., Ma, L., Deng, M., Zhao, Z., Shang, Z., Genomic insights into the fast growth of paulownias and the formation of Paulownia witches{\textquoteright} broom (2021) Mol. Plant, 14, pp. 1668-1682; Tu, J., Wang, B., McGrouther, K., Wang, H., Ma, T., Qiao, J., Wu, L., Soil quality assessment under different Paulownia fortunei plantations in mid-subtropical China (2017) J. Soils Sediments, 17, pp. 2371-2382; Esteves, B., Cruz-Lopes, L., Viana, H., Ferreira, J., Domingos, I., Nunes, L.J.R., The Influence of Age on the Wood Properties of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud (2022) Forests, 13; {\'S}wiechowski, K., Stegenta-D{\c a}browska, S., Liszewski, M., B{\c a}belewski, P., Koziel, J.A., Bia{\l}owiec, A., Oxytree Pruned Biomass Torrefaction: Process Kinetics (2019) Materials, 12. , 31614882; Yorgun, S., Yıldız, D., {\c S}im{\c s}ek, Y.E., Activated carbon from paulownia wood: Yields of chemical activation stages (2016) Energy Sources Part A Recovery Util. Environ. Eff, 38, pp. 2035-2042; Kalaycioglu, H., Deniz, I., Hiziroglu, S., Some of the properties of particleboard made from paulownia (2005) J. Wood Sci, 51, pp. 410-414; Dogu, D., Tuncer, F.D., Bakir, D., Candan, Z., Characterizing Microscopic Changes of Paulownia Wood under Thermal Compression (2017) BioResources, 12, pp. 5279-5295; Kom{\'a}n, S., Vityi, A., Physical and mechanical properties of paulownia tomentosa wood planted in Hungaria (2017) Wood Res, 62, pp. 335-340; Yadav, N.K., Vaidya, B.N., Henderson, K., Lee, J.F., Stewart, W.M., Dhekney, S.A., Joshee, N., A Review of Paulownia Biotechnology: A Short Rotation, Fast Growing Multipurpose Bioenergy Tree (2013) Am. J. Plant Sci, 4, pp. 2070-2082; Ayrilmis, N., Kaymakci, A., Fast growing biomass as reinforcing filler in thermoplastic composites: Paulownia elongata wood (2013) Ind. Crops Prod, 43, pp. 457-464; Bergmann, B.A., Propagation method influences first year field survival and growth of Paulownia (1998) New For, 16, pp. 251-264; Hussain, K., Nasir, G.M., Hussain, T., Comparison of wood anatomy of different Paulownia species grown in Pakistan (2016) Pak. J. For, 66, p. 2; Snow, W.A., Ornamental, crop, or invasive? The history of the Empress tree (Paulownia) in the USA (2015) For Trees Livelihoods, 24, pp. 85-96; Hua, L.S., Chen, L.W., Geng, B.J., Kristak, L., Antov, P., P{\c e}dzik, M., Rogozi{\'n}ski, T., Fatriasari, W., Particleboard from Agricultural Biomass and Recycled Wood Waste: A Review (2022) J. Mater. Res. Technol; Kang, K.H., Huh, H., Kim, B.-K., Lee, C.-K., An antiviral furanoquinone fromPaulownia tomentosa steud (1999) Phytother. Res, 13, pp. 624-626; He, T., Vaidya, B., Perry, Z., Parajuli, P., Joshee, N., Paulownia as a Medicinal Tree: Traditional Uses and Current Advances (2016) Eur. J. Med. Plants, 14, pp. 1-15; Icka, P., Damo, R., Icka, E., Paulownia Tomentosa, a Fast Growing Timber (2016) Ann. ”Valahia” Univ. Targoviste-Agric, 10, pp. 14-19; El-Showk, N., El-Showk, S., (2003) The Paulownia Tree, An Alternative for Sustainable Forestry, , https://docslib.org/doc/11683191/the-paulownia-tree-an-alternative-for-sustainable-forestry, The Farm, Wuhan, China, Available online; Essl, F., From ornamental to detrimental? The incipient invasion of Central Europe by Paulownia tomentosa (2007) Preslia, 79, pp. 377-389; Testing of Wood; Determination of Swelling and Shrinkage (1979) DIN 52184:1979-05, , Deutsches Institut f{\"u}r Normung, Berlin, Germany; Wood-Determination of Density for Physical and Mechanical Tests (1996) ISO 3131:1996-06-01, , European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium; Wood Flooring-Determination of Resistance to Indentation-Test Method (2011) EN 1534:2011-01, , European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium; Testing of Wood; Bending Test (1978) DIN 52186:1978-06, , Deutsches Institut f{\"u}r Normung, Berlin, Germany; Testing of Wood; Compression Test Parallel to Grain (1976) DIN 52185:1976-09, , Deutsches Institut f{\"u}r Normung, Berlin, Germany; Testing of Wood; Determination of Ultimate Tensile Stress Parallel to Grain (1979) DIN 52188:1979-05, , Deutsches Institut f{\"u}r Normung, Berlin, Germany; Particleboards and Fibreboards-Determination of Resistance to Axial Withdrawal of Screws (2011) EN 320:2011, , European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium; Sedlar, T., {\v S}efc, B., Drvodeli{\'c}, D., Jambrekovi{\'c}, B., Ku{\v c}ini{\'c}, M., I{\v s}tok, I., Physical Properties of Juvenile Wood of Two Paulownia Hybrids (2020) Drv. Ind, 71, pp. 179-184; Lachowicz, H., Giedrowicz, A., Charakterystyka jako{\'s}ci technicznej drewna paulowni COTE−2 (2020) Sylwan, 164, pp. 414-423; Bardarov, N., Popovska, T., Examination of the properties of local origin Paulownia wood. (Paulownia sp. Siebold \& Zucc.) (2017) Manag. Sustain. Dev, 2, pp. 75-78; Wiepking, C.A., Doyle, D.V., (1960) Strength and Related Properties of Balsa and Quipo Woods, Madison, USA, , https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/sx61dq95c?locale=en, Available online; Grosser, D., (2007) Die H{\"o}lzer Mitteleuropas: Ein Mikrophotographischer Lehratlas, Reprint der 1. Aufl. von 1977, , Remagen, Kessel, The Netherlands; Byrne, C.E., Nagle, D.C., Carbonization of wood for advanced materials applications (1997) Carbon, 35, pp. 259-266; Borrega, M., Gibson, L.J., Mechanics of balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) wood (2015) Mech. Mater, 84, pp. 75-90; Ciftci, A., Kaya, Z., Genetic diversity and structure of Populus nigra populations in two highly fragmented river ecosystems from Turkey (2019) Tree Genet. Genomes, 15, p. 66; Finger, M., Balsaholz (Ochroma pyramidale), , http://www.holzwurm-page.de/holzarten/holzart/balsaholz.htm, Available online; Richter, K., Ehmcke, G., Das Holz der Fichte–Eigenschaften und Verwendung (2017) LWF Wissen, 80, pp. 117-124; Kotlarewski, N.J., Belleville, B., Gusamo, B.K., Ozarska, B., Mechanical properties of Papua New Guinea balsa wood (2016) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 74, pp. 83-89; Sell, J., (1997) Eigenschaften und Kenngr{\"o}ssen von Holzarten, 4, , Bachfach Verlag, Z{\"u}rich, Switzerland; Kaymakci, A., Bektas, I., Bal, B.C., Some mechanical properties of Paulownia (Paulownia elongata) wood Proceedings of the International Caucasian Symposyum, pp. 917-920. , Artvin, Turkey, 26–27 September 2013; (1999) Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, , USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, USA; Akyildiz, M.H., Screw-nail withdrawal and bonding strength of paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa Steud.) wood (2014) J. Wood Sci, 60, pp. 201-206; Aytekin, A., Determination of screw and nail withdrawal resistance of some important wood species (2008) Int. J. Mol. Sci, 9, pp. 626-637. , 19325775",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "21",

doi = "10.3390/f13101543",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Forests",

issn = "1999-4907",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "10",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Physical and Mechanical Properties of Paulownia tomentosa x elongata Sawn Wood from Spanish, Bulgarian and Serbian Plantations

AU - Barbu, M.C.

AU - Buresova, K.

AU - Tudor, E.M.

AU - Petutschnigg, A.

N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 14 December 2023 Correspondence Address: Tudor, E.M.; Forest Products Technology and Timber Construction Department, Markt 136a, Austria; email: [email protected] References: Koman, S., Feher, S., Physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia clone in vitro 112 (2020) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 78, pp. 421-423; Jensen, J.B., An Investigation into the Suitability of Paulownia as an Agroforestry Species for UK & NW European Farming Systems (2016) Master’s Dissertation, , Coventry University, Coventry, UK; Akyildiz, M.H., Kol, H.S., Some technological properties and uses of paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa Steud.) wood (2010) J. Environ. Biol, 31, pp. 351-355. , 21047010; Gyuleva, V., Stankova, T., Zhyanski, M., Glushkova, M., Andonova, E., Growth and Development of Paulownia tomentosa and Paulownia elongata x fortunei in Glasshouse Experiment (2020) Bulg. J. Soil Sci, 5, pp. 126-142; Jakubowski, M., Cultivation Potential and Uses of Paulownia Wood: A Review (2022) Forests, 13; Feng, Y., Cui, L., Zhao, Y., Qiao, J., Wang, B., Yang, C., Zhou, H., Chang, D., Comprehensive Selection of the Wood Properties of Paulownia Clones Grown in the Hilly Region of Southern China: Feng, Y. et al (2020) BioResources, 15, pp. 1098-1111; Abbasi, M., Pishvaee, M.S., Bairamzadeh, S., Land suitability assessment for Paulownia cultivation using combined GIS and Z-number DEA: A case study (2020) Comput. Electron. Agric, 176, p. 105666; Lucas-Borja, M.E., Wic-Baena, C., Moreno, J.L., Dadi, T., García, C., Andrés-Abellán, M., Microbial activity in soils under fast-growing Paulownia (Paulownia elongata x fortunei) plantations in Mediterranean areas (2011) Appl. Soil Ecol, 51, pp. 42-51; Cao, Y., Sun, G., Zhai, X., Xu, P., Ma, L., Deng, M., Zhao, Z., Shang, Z., Genomic insights into the fast growth of paulownias and the formation of Paulownia witches’ broom (2021) Mol. Plant, 14, pp. 1668-1682; Tu, J., Wang, B., McGrouther, K., Wang, H., Ma, T., Qiao, J., Wu, L., Soil quality assessment under different Paulownia fortunei plantations in mid-subtropical China (2017) J. Soils Sediments, 17, pp. 2371-2382; Esteves, B., Cruz-Lopes, L., Viana, H., Ferreira, J., Domingos, I., Nunes, L.J.R., The Influence of Age on the Wood Properties of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud (2022) Forests, 13; Świechowski, K., Stegenta-Dąbrowska, S., Liszewski, M., Bąbelewski, P., Koziel, J.A., Białowiec, A., Oxytree Pruned Biomass Torrefaction: Process Kinetics (2019) Materials, 12. , 31614882; Yorgun, S., Yıldız, D., Şimşek, Y.E., Activated carbon from paulownia wood: Yields of chemical activation stages (2016) Energy Sources Part A Recovery Util. Environ. Eff, 38, pp. 2035-2042; Kalaycioglu, H., Deniz, I., Hiziroglu, S., Some of the properties of particleboard made from paulownia (2005) J. Wood Sci, 51, pp. 410-414; Dogu, D., Tuncer, F.D., Bakir, D., Candan, Z., Characterizing Microscopic Changes of Paulownia Wood under Thermal Compression (2017) BioResources, 12, pp. 5279-5295; Komán, S., Vityi, A., Physical and mechanical properties of paulownia tomentosa wood planted in Hungaria (2017) Wood Res, 62, pp. 335-340; Yadav, N.K., Vaidya, B.N., Henderson, K., Lee, J.F., Stewart, W.M., Dhekney, S.A., Joshee, N., A Review of Paulownia Biotechnology: A Short Rotation, Fast Growing Multipurpose Bioenergy Tree (2013) Am. J. Plant Sci, 4, pp. 2070-2082; Ayrilmis, N., Kaymakci, A., Fast growing biomass as reinforcing filler in thermoplastic composites: Paulownia elongata wood (2013) Ind. Crops Prod, 43, pp. 457-464; Bergmann, B.A., Propagation method influences first year field survival and growth of Paulownia (1998) New For, 16, pp. 251-264; Hussain, K., Nasir, G.M., Hussain, T., Comparison of wood anatomy of different Paulownia species grown in Pakistan (2016) Pak. J. For, 66, p. 2; Snow, W.A., Ornamental, crop, or invasive? The history of the Empress tree (Paulownia) in the USA (2015) For Trees Livelihoods, 24, pp. 85-96; Hua, L.S., Chen, L.W., Geng, B.J., Kristak, L., Antov, P., Pędzik, M., Rogoziński, T., Fatriasari, W., Particleboard from Agricultural Biomass and Recycled Wood Waste: A Review (2022) J. Mater. Res. Technol; Kang, K.H., Huh, H., Kim, B.-K., Lee, C.-K., An antiviral furanoquinone fromPaulownia tomentosa steud (1999) Phytother. Res, 13, pp. 624-626; He, T., Vaidya, B., Perry, Z., Parajuli, P., Joshee, N., Paulownia as a Medicinal Tree: Traditional Uses and Current Advances (2016) Eur. J. Med. Plants, 14, pp. 1-15; Icka, P., Damo, R., Icka, E., Paulownia Tomentosa, a Fast Growing Timber (2016) Ann. ”Valahia” Univ. Targoviste-Agric, 10, pp. 14-19; El-Showk, N., El-Showk, S., (2003) The Paulownia Tree, An Alternative for Sustainable Forestry, , https://docslib.org/doc/11683191/the-paulownia-tree-an-alternative-for-sustainable-forestry, The Farm, Wuhan, China, Available online; Essl, F., From ornamental to detrimental? The incipient invasion of Central Europe by Paulownia tomentosa (2007) Preslia, 79, pp. 377-389; Testing of Wood; Determination of Swelling and Shrinkage (1979) DIN 52184:1979-05, , Deutsches Institut für Normung, Berlin, Germany; Wood-Determination of Density for Physical and Mechanical Tests (1996) ISO 3131:1996-06-01, , European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium; Wood Flooring-Determination of Resistance to Indentation-Test Method (2011) EN 1534:2011-01, , European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium; Testing of Wood; Bending Test (1978) DIN 52186:1978-06, , Deutsches Institut für Normung, Berlin, Germany; Testing of Wood; Compression Test Parallel to Grain (1976) DIN 52185:1976-09, , Deutsches Institut für Normung, Berlin, Germany; Testing of Wood; Determination of Ultimate Tensile Stress Parallel to Grain (1979) DIN 52188:1979-05, , Deutsches Institut für Normung, Berlin, Germany; Particleboards and Fibreboards-Determination of Resistance to Axial Withdrawal of Screws (2011) EN 320:2011, , European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium; Sedlar, T., Šefc, B., Drvodelić, D., Jambreković, B., Kučinić, M., Ištok, I., Physical Properties of Juvenile Wood of Two Paulownia Hybrids (2020) Drv. Ind, 71, pp. 179-184; Lachowicz, H., Giedrowicz, A., Charakterystyka jakości technicznej drewna paulowni COTE−2 (2020) Sylwan, 164, pp. 414-423; Bardarov, N., Popovska, T., Examination of the properties of local origin Paulownia wood. (Paulownia sp. Siebold & Zucc.) (2017) Manag. Sustain. Dev, 2, pp. 75-78; Wiepking, C.A., Doyle, D.V., (1960) Strength and Related Properties of Balsa and Quipo Woods, Madison, USA, , https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/sx61dq95c?locale=en, Available online; Grosser, D., (2007) Die Hölzer Mitteleuropas: Ein Mikrophotographischer Lehratlas, Reprint der 1. Aufl. von 1977, , Remagen, Kessel, The Netherlands; Byrne, C.E., Nagle, D.C., Carbonization of wood for advanced materials applications (1997) Carbon, 35, pp. 259-266; Borrega, M., Gibson, L.J., Mechanics of balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) wood (2015) Mech. Mater, 84, pp. 75-90; Ciftci, A., Kaya, Z., Genetic diversity and structure of Populus nigra populations in two highly fragmented river ecosystems from Turkey (2019) Tree Genet. Genomes, 15, p. 66; Finger, M., Balsaholz (Ochroma pyramidale), , http://www.holzwurm-page.de/holzarten/holzart/balsaholz.htm, Available online; Richter, K., Ehmcke, G., Das Holz der Fichte–Eigenschaften und Verwendung (2017) LWF Wissen, 80, pp. 117-124; Kotlarewski, N.J., Belleville, B., Gusamo, B.K., Ozarska, B., Mechanical properties of Papua New Guinea balsa wood (2016) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 74, pp. 83-89; Sell, J., (1997) Eigenschaften und Kenngrössen von Holzarten, 4, , Bachfach Verlag, Zürich, Switzerland; Kaymakci, A., Bektas, I., Bal, B.C., Some mechanical properties of Paulownia (Paulownia elongata) wood Proceedings of the International Caucasian Symposyum, pp. 917-920. , Artvin, Turkey, 26–27 September 2013; (1999) Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, , USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, USA; Akyildiz, M.H., Screw-nail withdrawal and bonding strength of paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa Steud.) wood (2014) J. Wood Sci, 60, pp. 201-206; Aytekin, A., Determination of screw and nail withdrawal resistance of some important wood species (2008) Int. J. Mol. Sci, 9, pp. 626-637. , 19325775

PY - 2022/9/21

Y1 - 2022/9/21

N2 - The aim of this research is the characterization of physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia sawn wood from three plantation sites in Europe, namely Spain, Bulgaria and Serbia. As a fast-growing wood species, Paulownia has a significant positive forecast for the European markets and a wide range of possible applications that still need to be explored. For this purpose, Paulownia tomentosa(Tunb.) x elongata(S.Y. Hu) wood species was investigated. Sorption behaviour, Brinell hardness, 3-point bending strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, compressive strength and screw withdrawal resistance were examined in detail. The samples from Spain have the higher average bulk density (266 kg/m3), 3-point flexural strength (~40 N/mm2), 3-point flexural modulus of elasticity (~4900 N/mm2), compressive strength (~23 N/mm2), tensile strength (~44 N/mm2) and screw withdrawal resistance (~56 N/mm). The plantation wood from Bulgaria has the highest average of annual ring width (46 mm). Paulownia wood has potential in lightweight applications and can replace successfully expensive tropical species as Balsa.

AB - The aim of this research is the characterization of physical and mechanical properties of Paulownia sawn wood from three plantation sites in Europe, namely Spain, Bulgaria and Serbia. As a fast-growing wood species, Paulownia has a significant positive forecast for the European markets and a wide range of possible applications that still need to be explored. For this purpose, Paulownia tomentosa(Tunb.) x elongata(S.Y. Hu) wood species was investigated. Sorption behaviour, Brinell hardness, 3-point bending strength, flexural modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, compressive strength and screw withdrawal resistance were examined in detail. The samples from Spain have the higher average bulk density (266 kg/m3), 3-point flexural strength (~40 N/mm2), 3-point flexural modulus of elasticity (~4900 N/mm2), compressive strength (~23 N/mm2), tensile strength (~44 N/mm2) and screw withdrawal resistance (~56 N/mm). The plantation wood from Bulgaria has the highest average of annual ring width (46 mm). Paulownia wood has potential in lightweight applications and can replace successfully expensive tropical species as Balsa.

KW - lightweight

KW - Paulownia tomentosa x elongata

KW - physical and mechanical properties

KW - plantation wood

KW - Bending strength

KW - Compressive strength

KW - Elastic moduli

KW - Tensile strength

KW - Wood

KW - Bulgaria

KW - European markets

KW - Flexural modulus

KW - Lightweight

KW - Paulownia tomentosa

KW - Physical and mechanical properties

KW - Plantation wood

KW - Sawnwoods

KW - Sorption behaviors

KW - Screws

KW - bending

KW - compressive strength

KW - construction material

KW - forecasting method

KW - mechanical property

KW - tensile strength

KW - wood

KW - Bend Strength

KW - Compression Strength

KW - Tensile Strength

KW - Serbia

KW - Spain

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/1625da0d-b6e3-3e25-b9d7-d7056fc7a195/

U2 - 10.3390/f13101543

DO - 10.3390/f13101543

M3 - Article

SN - 1999-4907

VL - 13

JO - Forests

JF - Forests

IS - 10

ER -

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Paulownia tomentosa x elongata Sawn Wood from Spanish, Bulgarian and Serbian Plantations

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