TY - JOUR
T1 - Decentralized and permission-less green energy certificates with GECKO
AU - Knirsch, F.
AU - Brunner, C.
AU - Unterweger, A.
AU - Engel, D.
N1 - Cited By :12
Export Date: 14 December 2023
Correspondence Address: Knirsch, F.; Center for Secure Energy Informatics, Puch b., Austria; email: [email protected]
Funding details: Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft, FFG, 865082
Funding details: Salzburger Landesregierung
Funding text 1: The financial support by the Federal State of Salzburg is gratefully acknowledged. Funding by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) under project number 865082 (ProChain) is gratefully acknowledged.
Funding text 2: This work is funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) under project number 865082 (ProChain).
References: Bartoletti, M., Pompianu, L., An analysis of Bitcoin OP_RETURN metadata (2017) 21st International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC 2017), pp. 218-230. , Springer, Sliema: 1702.01024; Bathurst, G.N., Weatherill, J., Strbac, G., Trading wind generation in short term energy markets (2002) IEEE Trans Power Syst, 17 (3), pp. 782-789; Benet, J., IPFS - Content Addressed, Versioned, P2P File System (DRAFT 3) (2014) Technical Report, IPFS, , http://arxiv.org/abs/1407.3561v1, Accessed 25 Oct 2019; Brunner, C., (2017) Eduthereum: A System for Storing Educational Certificates in a Public Blockchain, Master’s thesis, , Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck; Brunner, C., Knirsch, F., Engel, D., SPROOF: A platform for issuing and verifying documents in a public blockchain (2019) Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy, pp. 15-25. , SciTePress, Prague; SPROOF: A Decentralized Platform for Attribute-based Authentication. Communications in Computer and Information Science Series Book (2020) Springer; Christidis, K., Devetsikiotis, M., Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things (2016) IEEE Access, 4, pp. 2292-2303; Conti, M., Poovendran, R.M., FakeBook: Detecting fake profiles in on-line social networks (2012) IEEE., , https://doi.org/10.1109/asonam.2012.185; Cormen, T.H., Leiserson, C.E., Rivest, R.L., Stein, C., (2001) Introduction To Algorithms, 2nd edn., , MIT Press, Cambridge; Croman, K., Decker, C., Eyal, I., Gencer, A.E., Juels, A., Kosba, A., Miller, A., Wattenhofer, R., On Scaling Decentralized Blockchains (2016) International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security, pp. 106-125. , Springer, Christ Church; Danezis, G., Mittal, P., SybilInfer: Detecting Sybil Nodes using Social Networks (2009) Network & Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS), , Internet Society, San Diego; Douceur, J.R., The Sybil Attack (2002) Peer-to-Peer Systems, IPTPS 2002. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 251-260. , Druschel P, Kaashoek F, Rowstron A, (eds), Springer, Berlin; (2012) 2012/148/EU: Commissionst and Gervais (2017), , http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32012H0148, Recommendation of 9 March 2012 on preparations for the roll-out of smart metering systems, Accessed 25 Oct 2019; European Comm (2017) Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Promotion of the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources (Recast, , ).https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0767R(01), Accessed 25 Oct 2019; Han, R., Gramoli, V., Xu, X., Evaluating Blockchains for IoT (2018) 9th IFIP Conference on New Technologies, Mobility & Security (NTMS 2018), p. 4. , IEEE/IFIP, Paris; Hustveit, M., Frogner, J.S., Fleten, S.E., Tradable green certificates for renewable support: The role of expectations and uncertainty (2017) Energy, 141, pp. 1717-1727; Ilic, D., Da Silva, P.G., Karnouskos, S., Griesemer, M., An energy market for trading electricity in smart grid neighbourhoods (2012) IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, pp. 1-6. , IEEE, Atlanta; Knirsch, F., Unterweger, A., Engel, D., Privacy-preserving Blockchain-based Electric Vehicle Charging with Dynamic Tariff Decisions (2018) J Comput Sci Res Dev (CSRD), 33 (1), pp. 71-79; Mashhour, E., Moghaddas-Tafreshi, S.M., Bidding Strategy of Virtual Power Plant for Participating in Energy and Spinning Reserve Markets — Part I: Problem Formulation (2010) IEEE Trans Power Syst, 26 (2), pp. 949-956; Mengelkamp, E., Gärttner, J., Rock, K., Kessler, S., Orsini, L., Weinhardt, C., Designing microgrid energy markets: A case study: The Brooklyn Microgrid (2018) Appl Energy, 210, pp. 870-880; Mengelkamp, E., Notheisen, B., Beer, C., Dauer, D., Weinhardt, C., A blockchain-based smart grid: towards sustainable local energy markets (2018) Comput Sci Res Dev, 33 (1), pp. 207-214. , (, b; Menezes, A.J., van Oorschot, P.C., Vanstone, S.A., (2001) Handbook of Applied Cryptography. 5th edn., , CRC Press, Boca Raton; Mihaylov, M., Jurado, S., Avellana, N., van Moffaert, K., de Abril, I.M., Nowé, A., NRGcoin: Virtual currency for trading of renewable energy in smart grids In: 11th International Conference on the European Energy Market (2014) EEM., , (a), IEEE, Krakow; Mihaylov, M., Jurado, S., Moffaert, K.V., Now, A., NRG-X-Change - A Novel Mechanism for Trading of Renewable Energy in Smart Grids (2014) Proceedings of the 3Rd International Conference on Smart Grids and Green IT Systems, pp. 101-106. , In:, SciTePress, Barcelona; Monacchi, A., Elmenreich, W., Assisted energy management in smart microgrids (2016) J Ambient Intell Humanized Comput, 7 (6), pp. 901-913; Morthorst, P.E., A green certificate market combined with a liberalised power market (2003) Energy Policy, 31 (13), pp. 1393-1402; Munsing, E., Mather, J., Moura, S., Blockchains for decentralized optimization of energy resources in microgrid networks (2017) 2017 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA), pp. 2164-2171. , IEEE, Mauna Lani; Nakamoto, S., Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008) Technical Report, , https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf; Pinson, P., Chevallier, C., Kariniotakis, G., Trading Wind Generation From Short-Term Probabilistic Forecasts of Wind Power (2007) IEEE Trans Power Syst, 22 (3), pp. 1148-1156; Ramchurn, S., Vytelingum, P., Rogers, A., Jennings, N., Agent-Based Control for Decentralised Demand Side Management in the Smart Grid (2011) The 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS ’11, pp. 5-12. , International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Taipei; Sikorski, J.J., Haughton, J., Kraft, M., Blockchain technology in the chemical industry: Machine-to-machine electricity market (2017) Appl Energy, 195, pp. 234-246; Technische Richtlinie, B.S.I.T.R.-, (2015) Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik., , https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Publikationen/TechnischeRichtlinien/tr03109/index_htm.html, Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik., Accessed 25 Oct 2019; (2009) Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the Promotion of the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources and Amending and Subsequently Repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC., , https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32009L0028; Vujičić, D., Jagodić, D., Randić, S., Blockchain technology, bitcoin, and Ethereum: A brief overview In: 2018 17th International Symposium INFOTEH-JAHORINA (INFOTEH), 1–6 (2018) IEEE, , https://doi.org/10.1109/infoteh.2018.8345547; Wirth, H., (2018) Aktuelle Fakten zur Photovoltaik in Deutschland. Technical Report 88, , Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Freiburg; Wood, G., Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger (2017) Technical Report, Ethereum, , http://arxiv.org/abs/arXiv:1011.1669v3.https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf, Accessed 25 Oct 2019; Wüst, K., Gervais, A., Do you Need a Blockchain? (2018) 2018 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT), pp. 45-54. , Zug, IEEE; Yu, H., Gibbons, P.B., Kaminsky, M., Xiao, F., SybilLimit: A Near-Optimal Social Network Defense against Sybil Attacks (2008) IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2008 (SP 2008), pp. 3-17. , IEEE, Oakland; Zhumabekuly Aitzhan, N., Svetinovic, D., Security and Privacy in Decentralized Energy Trading through Multi-signatures, Blockchain and Anonymous Messaging Streams (2016) IEEE Trans Dependable Secure Comput, 15 (5), pp. 840-852
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - A growing demand in sustainable energy harvested from renewable resources, such as wind or solar power, leads to new challenges in the electricity grid, which in future is also referred to as the smart grid. This also reflects in a more decentralized and diverse energy market. In such a market, prices do not only depend on production and demand, but also the source of energy production influences the price. In this paper, we present a decentralized and permission-less system for issuing, receiving and verifying Green Energy Certificates for kWh Ownership (GECKO) similar to the established Renewable Energy Certificates or Green Tags. These certificates allow to create a market for renewable energy. While the established system is designed for the wholesale market and does not allow for decentralized and permission-less verification, the proposed system is built on a blockchain-based approach and allows for the management and transfer of certificates. In our exemplary use case, Distribution System Operators (DSO) act as certification authority for privately or community owned power plants in regional energy markets. Customers can easily verify the integrity of such certificates without relying on a trusted third party or escrow service. © 2020, The Author(s).
AB - A growing demand in sustainable energy harvested from renewable resources, such as wind or solar power, leads to new challenges in the electricity grid, which in future is also referred to as the smart grid. This also reflects in a more decentralized and diverse energy market. In such a market, prices do not only depend on production and demand, but also the source of energy production influences the price. In this paper, we present a decentralized and permission-less system for issuing, receiving and verifying Green Energy Certificates for kWh Ownership (GECKO) similar to the established Renewable Energy Certificates or Green Tags. These certificates allow to create a market for renewable energy. While the established system is designed for the wholesale market and does not allow for decentralized and permission-less verification, the proposed system is built on a blockchain-based approach and allows for the management and transfer of certificates. In our exemplary use case, Distribution System Operators (DSO) act as certification authority for privately or community owned power plants in regional energy markets. Customers can easily verify the integrity of such certificates without relying on a trusted third party or escrow service. © 2020, The Author(s).
KW - Blockchain
KW - Distributed hash table
KW - Renewable energy
KW - Smart grid
KW - Electric power transmission networks
KW - Power markets
KW - Smart power grids
KW - Solar energy
KW - Block-chain
KW - Decentralised
KW - Distributed Hash Table
KW - Electricity grids
KW - Energy markets
KW - Green energy
KW - Growing demand
KW - Power LED
KW - Renewable energies
KW - Renewable resource
U2 - 10.1186/s42162-020-0104-0
DO - 10.1186/s42162-020-0104-0
M3 - Article
SN - 2520-8942
VL - 3
JO - Energy. Inform.
JF - Energy. Inform.
IS - 1
ER -
SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy