Binderless Thermal Insulation Panels Made of Spruce Bark Fibres

J. Gößwald; M.-C. Barbu; A. Petutschnigg; E.M. Tudor

doi:10.3390/polym13111799

Binderless Thermal Insulation Panels Made of Spruce Bark Fibres

J. Gößwald
, M.-C. Barbu
, A. Petutschnigg
, E.M. Tudor^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Faculty of Furniture Design and Wood Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov
Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Tree bark is a by-product of the timber industry available in large amounts, considering that approximately 10% of the volume of a tree stem is bark. Bark is used primarily for low-value applications such as heat generation or as mulch. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one that scrutinises thermal insulation panels made from spruce bark fibres with different densities and fibre lengths manufactured in a wet process. The insulation boards with densities between 160 and 300 kg/m3 were self-bonded. Internal bond, thermal conductivity, and dimensional stability (thickness swelling and water absorption), together with formaldehyde content, were analysed. The thermal properties of the boards were directly correlated with the density and reached about 0.044 W/m*K, while the internal bond was rather influenced by the fibre length and was relatively low (on average 0.07 N/mm2 ). The water absorption was high (from 55% to 380%), while the thickness swelling remained moderate (up to 23%). The results of this study have shown that widely available bark residues can be successfully utilised as an innovative raw material for efficient eco-friendly thermal insulation products.

Original language	English
Journal	Polym.
Volume	13
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13111799
Publication status	Published - 29 May 2021

Keywords

Self-bonded boards
Thermal conductivity
Thermal insulation panels
Tree bark fibre
Zero formaldehyde content
Fibers
Forestry
Shotcreting
Water absorption
Different densities
Formaldehyde contents
Insulation board
Insulation products
Internal bonds
Large amounts
Thickness swelling
Timber industry
Thermal insulation

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10.3390/polym13111799

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107897455&doi=10.3390%2fpolym13111799&partnerID=40&md5=3ee464042de1a6b04abda10537956039

Cite this

@article{06701e2314d242f786329fb62e73179d,

title = "Binderless Thermal Insulation Panels Made of Spruce Bark Fibres",

abstract = "Tree bark is a by-product of the timber industry available in large amounts, considering that approximately 10\% of the volume of a tree stem is bark. Bark is used primarily for low-value applications such as heat generation or as mulch. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one that scrutinises thermal insulation panels made from spruce bark fibres with different densities and fibre lengths manufactured in a wet process. The insulation boards with densities between 160 and 300 kg/m3 were self-bonded. Internal bond, thermal conductivity, and dimensional stability (thickness swelling and water absorption), together with formaldehyde content, were analysed. The thermal properties of the boards were directly correlated with the density and reached about 0.044 W/m*K, while the internal bond was rather influenced by the fibre length and was relatively low (on average 0.07 N/mm2 ). The water absorption was high (from 55\% to 380\%), while the thickness swelling remained moderate (up to 23\%). The results of this study have shown that widely available bark residues can be successfully utilised as an innovative raw material for efficient eco-friendly thermal insulation products.",

keywords = "Self-bonded boards, Thermal conductivity, Thermal insulation panels, Tree bark fibre, Zero formaldehyde content, Fibers, Forestry, Shotcreting, Water absorption, Different densities, Formaldehyde contents, Insulation board, Insulation products, Internal bonds, Large amounts, Thickness swelling, Timber industry, Thermal insulation",

author = "J. G{\"o}{\ss}wald and M.-C. Barbu and A. Petutschnigg and E.M. Tudor",

note = "Cited By :18 Export Date: 14 December 2023 Correspondence Address: Tudor, E.M.; Forest Products Technology and Timber Construction Department, Markt 136a, Austria; email: [email protected] Funding text 1: The authors want to express their thankfulness to Thomas Wimmer from {\textquotedblleft}Forest Products Technology and Timber Construction Department{\textquotedblright} at Campus Kuchl of the Salzburg University of Applied Sciences for his support during the sample testing. References: P{\'a}sztory, Z., Moh{\'a}csin{\'e}, I.R., Gorbacheva, G., B{\"o}rcs{\"o}k, Z., The utilization of tree bark (2016) Bioresources, 11, pp. 7859-7888. , [CrossRef]; Chow, P., Nakayama, F.S., Blahnik, B., Youngquist, J.A., Coffelt, T.A., Chemical constituents and physical properties of guayule wood and bark (2008) Ind. Crop. Prod, 28, pp. 303-308. , [CrossRef]; Jablonsky, M., Nosalova, J., Sladkova, A., Haz, A., Kreps, F., Valka, J., Miertus, S., Sima, J., Valorisation of softwood bark through extraction of utilizable chemicals. A review (2017) Biotechnol. Adv, 35, pp. 726-750. , [CrossRef]; Borysiuk, P., Boruszewski, P., Auriga, R., Danecki, L., Auriga, A., Rybak, K., Nowacka, M., Influence of a bark-filler on the properties of PLA biocomposites (2021) J. Mater. Sci, 56, pp. 9196-9208. , [CrossRef]; Aydin, I., Demirkir, C., Colak, S., Colakoglu, G., Utilization of bark flours as additive in plywood manufacturing (2017) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 75, pp. 63-69. , [CrossRef]; Barbu, M.C., Lohninger, Y., Hofmann, S., Kain, G., Petutschnigg, A., Tudor, E.M., Larch bark as a formaldehyde scavenger in thermal insulation panels (2020) Polymers, 12, p. 2632. , [CrossRef]; Sutrisno Alamsyah, E.M., Syamsudin, T.S., Purwasasmita, B.S., Suzuki, S., Kobori, H., The potential using of organic nanoparticles synthesized from Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) wood bark as nanofiller of wood adhesive: Physical, chemical and thermal properties (2020) J. Indian Acad. Wood Sci, 17, pp. 165-175. , [CrossRef]; R{\'e}h, R., Kri{\v s}t{\textquoteright}{\'a}k, L{\textquoteright}., Sedlia{\v c}ik, J., Bekhta, P., Bo{\v z}ikov{\'a}, M., Kunecov{\'a}, D., Voz{\'a}rov{\'a}, V., Savov, V., Utilization of birch bark as an eco-friendly filler in urea-formaldehyde adhesives for plywood manufacturing (2021) Polymers, 13, p. 511. , [CrossRef]; Feng, S., Cheng, S., Yuan, Z., Leitch, M., Xu, C., Valorization of bark for chemicals and materials: A review (2013) Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev, 26, pp. 560-578. , [CrossRef]; Bortenschlager, S., Oeggl, K., (2000) The Iceman and His Natural Environment: Palaeobotanical Results, , Springer: Vienna, Austria; P{\'a}sztory, Z., Ronyecz Moh{\'a}csin{\'e}, I., B{\"o}rcs{\"o}k, Z., Investigation of thermal insulation panels made of black locust tree bark (2017) Constr. Build. Mater, 147, pp. 733-735. , [CrossRef]; P{\'a}sztory, Z., Ronyecz, I., The thermal insulation capacity of tree bark (2013) Acta Silv. Lignaria Hung, 9, pp. 111-117. , [CrossRef]; Paulitsch, M., Barbu, M.C., (2015) Holzwerkstoffe der Moderne, 1. Aufl, , DRW-Verlag: Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany; Busquets-Ferrer, M., Czabany, I., Vay, O., Gindl-Altmutter, W., Hansmann, C., Alkali-extracted tree bark for efficient bio-based thermal insulation (2021) Constr. Build. Mater, 271, p. 121577. , [CrossRef]; Blanchet, P., Cloutier, A., Riedl, B., Particleboard made from hammer milled black spruce bark residues (2000) Wood Sci. Technol, 34, pp. 11-19. , [CrossRef]; Pedieu, R., Riedl, B., Pichette, A., Properties of mixed particleboards based on white birch (Betula papyrifera) inner bark particles and reinforced with wood fibres (2009) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 67, pp. 95-101. , [CrossRef]; Yemele, M., Koubaa, A., Diouf, P.N., Blanchet, P., Cloutier, A., Stevanovic, T., Effects of hot-water treatment of black spruce bark and trembling aspenbark rawmaterialon the physical and mechanical properties of bark particleboards (2008) Wood Fiber Sci, 40, pp. 339-351; Xing, C., Zhang, S.Y., Deng, J., Wang, S., Investigation of the effects of bark fiber as core material and its resin content on three-layer MDF performance by response surface methodology (2007) Wood Sci. Technol, 41, pp. 585-595. , [CrossRef]; Xing, C., Deng, J., Zhang, S.Y., Effect of thermo-mechanical refining on properties of MDF made from black spruce bark (2007) Wood Sci. Technol, 41, pp. 329-338. , [CrossRef]; Gao, Z., Wang, X.M., Wan, H., Brunette, G., Binderless panels made with black spruce bark (2011) Bioresources, 6, pp. 3960-3972; Kain, G., Tudor, E.M., Barbu, M.-C., Bark thermal insulation panels: An explorative study on the effects of bark species (2020) Polymers, 12, p. 2140. , [CrossRef]; Rosell, J.A., Gleason, S., M{\'e}ndez-Alonzo, R., Chang, Y., Westoby, M., Bark functional ecology: Evidence for tradeoffs, functional coordination, and environment producing bark diversity (2014) New Phytol, 201, pp. 486-497. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Tudor, E.M., Scheriau, C., Barbu, M.C., R{\'e}h, R., Kri{\v s}t{\textquoteright}{\'a}k, L{\textquoteright}., Schnabel, T., Enhanced resistance to fire of the bark-based panels bonded with clay (2020) Appl. Sci, 10, p. 5594. , [CrossRef]; Kain, G., G{\"u}ttler, V., Barbu, M.-C., Petutschnigg, A., Richter, K., Tondi, G., Density related properties of bark insulation boards bonded with tannin hexamine resin (2014) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 72, pp. 417-424. , [CrossRef]; Kain, G., Lienbacher, B., Barbu, M.-C., Richter, K., Petutschnigg, A., Larch (Larix decidua) bark insulation board: Interactions of particle orientation, physical{\textendash}mechanical and thermal properties (2018) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 76, pp. 489-498. , [CrossRef]; Tudor, E.M., Zwickl, C., Eichinger, C., Petutschnigg, A., Barbu, M.C., Performance of softwood bark comminution technologies for determination of targeted particle size in further upcycling applications (2020) J. Clean. Prod, 269, p. 122412. , [CrossRef]; Tsalagkas, D., B{\"o}rcs{\"o}k, Z., P{\'a}sztory, Z., Thermal, physical and mechanical properties of surface overlaid bark-based insulation panels (2019) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 77, pp. 721-730. , [CrossRef]; Tudor, E.M., Dettendorfer, A., Kain, G., Barbu, M.C., R{\'e}h, R., Kri{\v s}t{\textquoteright}{\'a}k, L., Sound-Absorption coefficient of bark-based insulation panels (2020) Polymers, 12, p. 1012. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Li, M., van Renterghem, T., Kang, J., Verheyen, K., Botteldooren, D., Sound absorption by tree bark (2020) Appl. Acoust, 165, p. 107328. , [CrossRef]; Yemele, M.C., Blanchet, P., Cloutier, A., Koubaa, A., Effect of bark content and particle geometry on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from black spruce and trembling aspen bark (2008) For. Prod. J, 58, pp. 48-56; Burrows, C.H., Particleboard from Douglas-fir bark without additives (1960) Forest Products Research Laboratories, Report, No.15 pp.40 Ref.15, , United States Department of Agriculture: Madison, WI, USA; Almusawi, A., Lachat, R., Atcholi, K.E., Gomes, S., Proposal of manufacturing and characterization test of binderless hemp shive composite (2016) Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad, 115, pp. 302-307. , [CrossRef]; Krilov, A., Debarking of fibrous-barked hardwoods by ultra-high pressure water jets (1983) Wood Sci.Technol, 17, pp. 145-158. , [CrossRef]; (2001) Thermal Performance of Building Materials and Products{\textemdash}Determination of Thermal Resistance by Means of Guarded Hot Plate and Heat Flow Meter Methods{\textemdash}Products of High and Medium Thermal Resistance, , EN 12667:2001-; CEN, European Committee for Standardization: Br{\"u}ssel, Belgium; (2013) 2013-Plattenebene Thermal Insulating Products for Building Applications{\textemdash}Determination of Tensile Strength Perpendicular to Faces, , EN 1607:; CEN, European Committee for Standardization: Br{\"u}ssel, Belgium; (2005) Particleboards and Fibreboards{\textemdash}Determination of Swelling in Thickness after Immersion in Water, , EN 317:2005-; CEN, European Committee for Standardization: Br{\"u}ssel, Belgium; (2015) Wood-Based Panels{\textemdash}Determination of Formaldehyde Release{\textemdash}Part 5: Extraction Method (Called the Perforator Method), , ISO 12460-5:2015-; CEN, European Committee for Standardization: Br{\"u}ssel, Belgium; (2005) Wood-Based Panels{\textemdash}Sampling, Cutting and Inspection{\textemdash}Part 1: Sampling and Cutting of Test Pieces and Expression of Test Results, , EN 326-1:2005-; CEN, European Committee for Standardization: Br{\"u}ssel, Belgium; Tudor, E.M., Barbu, M.C., Petutschnigg, A., R{\'e}h, R., Kri{\v s}t{\textquoteright}{\'a}k, L{\textquoteright}., Analysis of larch-bark capacity for formaldehyde removal in wood adhesives (2020) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, p. 764. , [CrossRef]; Medved, S., Gaj{\v s}ek, U., Tudor, E.M., Barbu, M.C., Antonovi{\'c}, A., Efficiency of bark for reduction of formaldehyde emission from particleboards (2019) Wood Res, 64, pp. 307-316; Burhenne, L., Messmer, J., Aicher, T., Laborie, M.-P., The effect of the biomass components lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose on TGA and fixed bed pyrolysis (2013) J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 101, pp. 177-184. , [CrossRef]; Kemppainen, K., Siika-aho, M., Pattathil, S., Giovando, S., Kruus, K., Spruce bark as an industrial source of condensed tannins and non-cellulosic sugars (2014) Ind. Crop. Prod, 52, pp. 158-168. , [CrossRef]; Li, J., Li, C., Wang, W., Zhang, W., Reactivity of larch and valonia tannins in synthesis of tannin-formaldehyde resins (2016) Bioresources, 11, pp. 2256-2268. , [CrossRef]; Blechschmidt, J., (2010) Taschenbuch der Papiertechnik, , (Ed) Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH \& Co. KG: M{\"u}nchen, Germany; Medved, S., Lesar, B., Tudor, E.M., Humar, M., Thermal insulation panels from cellulosic fibres (2015) For. Prod. J, 65, pp. 554-558; Sprengard, C., Treml, S., Holm, H.A., (2013) Technologien und Techniken zur Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz von Geb{\"a}uden durch W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmstoffe: Metastudie W{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmstoffe{\textemdash}Produkte{\textemdash}Anwendungen{\textemdash}Innovationen, , http://www.fiw-muenchen.de/media/pdf/metastudie\_waermedaemmstoffe.pdf, (accessed on 9 January 2020)",

year = "2021",

month = may,

day = "29",

doi = "10.3390/polym13111799",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Polym.",

issn = "2073-4360",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "11",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Binderless Thermal Insulation Panels Made of Spruce Bark Fibres

AU - Gößwald, J.

AU - Barbu, M.-C.

AU - Petutschnigg, A.

AU - Tudor, E.M.

N1 - Cited By :18 Export Date: 14 December 2023 Correspondence Address: Tudor, E.M.; Forest Products Technology and Timber Construction Department, Markt 136a, Austria; email: [email protected] Funding text 1: The authors want to express their thankfulness to Thomas Wimmer from “Forest Products Technology and Timber Construction Department” at Campus Kuchl of the Salzburg University of Applied Sciences for his support during the sample testing. References: Pásztory, Z., Mohácsiné, I.R., Gorbacheva, G., Börcsök, Z., The utilization of tree bark (2016) Bioresources, 11, pp. 7859-7888. , [CrossRef]; Chow, P., Nakayama, F.S., Blahnik, B., Youngquist, J.A., Coffelt, T.A., Chemical constituents and physical properties of guayule wood and bark (2008) Ind. Crop. Prod, 28, pp. 303-308. , [CrossRef]; Jablonsky, M., Nosalova, J., Sladkova, A., Haz, A., Kreps, F., Valka, J., Miertus, S., Sima, J., Valorisation of softwood bark through extraction of utilizable chemicals. A review (2017) Biotechnol. Adv, 35, pp. 726-750. , [CrossRef]; Borysiuk, P., Boruszewski, P., Auriga, R., Danecki, L., Auriga, A., Rybak, K., Nowacka, M., Influence of a bark-filler on the properties of PLA biocomposites (2021) J. Mater. Sci, 56, pp. 9196-9208. , [CrossRef]; Aydin, I., Demirkir, C., Colak, S., Colakoglu, G., Utilization of bark flours as additive in plywood manufacturing (2017) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 75, pp. 63-69. , [CrossRef]; Barbu, M.C., Lohninger, Y., Hofmann, S., Kain, G., Petutschnigg, A., Tudor, E.M., Larch bark as a formaldehyde scavenger in thermal insulation panels (2020) Polymers, 12, p. 2632. , [CrossRef]; Sutrisno Alamsyah, E.M., Syamsudin, T.S., Purwasasmita, B.S., Suzuki, S., Kobori, H., The potential using of organic nanoparticles synthesized from Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) wood bark as nanofiller of wood adhesive: Physical, chemical and thermal properties (2020) J. Indian Acad. Wood Sci, 17, pp. 165-175. , [CrossRef]; Réh, R., Krišt’ák, L’., Sedliačik, J., Bekhta, P., Božiková, M., Kunecová, D., Vozárová, V., Savov, V., Utilization of birch bark as an eco-friendly filler in urea-formaldehyde adhesives for plywood manufacturing (2021) Polymers, 13, p. 511. , [CrossRef]; Feng, S., Cheng, S., Yuan, Z., Leitch, M., Xu, C., Valorization of bark for chemicals and materials: A review (2013) Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev, 26, pp. 560-578. , [CrossRef]; Bortenschlager, S., Oeggl, K., (2000) The Iceman and His Natural Environment: Palaeobotanical Results, , Springer: Vienna, Austria; Pásztory, Z., Ronyecz Mohácsiné, I., Börcsök, Z., Investigation of thermal insulation panels made of black locust tree bark (2017) Constr. Build. Mater, 147, pp. 733-735. , [CrossRef]; Pásztory, Z., Ronyecz, I., The thermal insulation capacity of tree bark (2013) Acta Silv. Lignaria Hung, 9, pp. 111-117. , [CrossRef]; Paulitsch, M., Barbu, M.C., (2015) Holzwerkstoffe der Moderne, 1. Aufl, , DRW-Verlag: Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany; Busquets-Ferrer, M., Czabany, I., Vay, O., Gindl-Altmutter, W., Hansmann, C., Alkali-extracted tree bark for efficient bio-based thermal insulation (2021) Constr. Build. Mater, 271, p. 121577. , [CrossRef]; Blanchet, P., Cloutier, A., Riedl, B., Particleboard made from hammer milled black spruce bark residues (2000) Wood Sci. Technol, 34, pp. 11-19. , [CrossRef]; Pedieu, R., Riedl, B., Pichette, A., Properties of mixed particleboards based on white birch (Betula papyrifera) inner bark particles and reinforced with wood fibres (2009) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 67, pp. 95-101. , [CrossRef]; Yemele, M., Koubaa, A., Diouf, P.N., Blanchet, P., Cloutier, A., Stevanovic, T., Effects of hot-water treatment of black spruce bark and trembling aspenbark rawmaterialon the physical and mechanical properties of bark particleboards (2008) Wood Fiber Sci, 40, pp. 339-351; Xing, C., Zhang, S.Y., Deng, J., Wang, S., Investigation of the effects of bark fiber as core material and its resin content on three-layer MDF performance by response surface methodology (2007) Wood Sci. Technol, 41, pp. 585-595. , [CrossRef]; Xing, C., Deng, J., Zhang, S.Y., Effect of thermo-mechanical refining on properties of MDF made from black spruce bark (2007) Wood Sci. Technol, 41, pp. 329-338. , [CrossRef]; Gao, Z., Wang, X.M., Wan, H., Brunette, G., Binderless panels made with black spruce bark (2011) Bioresources, 6, pp. 3960-3972; Kain, G., Tudor, E.M., Barbu, M.-C., Bark thermal insulation panels: An explorative study on the effects of bark species (2020) Polymers, 12, p. 2140. , [CrossRef]; Rosell, J.A., Gleason, S., Méndez-Alonzo, R., Chang, Y., Westoby, M., Bark functional ecology: Evidence for tradeoffs, functional coordination, and environment producing bark diversity (2014) New Phytol, 201, pp. 486-497. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Tudor, E.M., Scheriau, C., Barbu, M.C., Réh, R., Krišt’ák, L’., Schnabel, T., Enhanced resistance to fire of the bark-based panels bonded with clay (2020) Appl. Sci, 10, p. 5594. , [CrossRef]; Kain, G., Güttler, V., Barbu, M.-C., Petutschnigg, A., Richter, K., Tondi, G., Density related properties of bark insulation boards bonded with tannin hexamine resin (2014) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 72, pp. 417-424. , [CrossRef]; Kain, G., Lienbacher, B., Barbu, M.-C., Richter, K., Petutschnigg, A., Larch (Larix decidua) bark insulation board: Interactions of particle orientation, physical–mechanical and thermal properties (2018) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 76, pp. 489-498. , [CrossRef]; Tudor, E.M., Zwickl, C., Eichinger, C., Petutschnigg, A., Barbu, M.C., Performance of softwood bark comminution technologies for determination of targeted particle size in further upcycling applications (2020) J. Clean. Prod, 269, p. 122412. , [CrossRef]; Tsalagkas, D., Börcsök, Z., Pásztory, Z., Thermal, physical and mechanical properties of surface overlaid bark-based insulation panels (2019) Eur. J. Wood Prod, 77, pp. 721-730. , [CrossRef]; Tudor, E.M., Dettendorfer, A., Kain, G., Barbu, M.C., Réh, R., Krišt’ák, L., Sound-Absorption coefficient of bark-based insulation panels (2020) Polymers, 12, p. 1012. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Li, M., van Renterghem, T., Kang, J., Verheyen, K., Botteldooren, D., Sound absorption by tree bark (2020) Appl. Acoust, 165, p. 107328. , [CrossRef]; Yemele, M.C., Blanchet, P., Cloutier, A., Koubaa, A., Effect of bark content and particle geometry on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from black spruce and trembling aspen bark (2008) For. Prod. J, 58, pp. 48-56; Burrows, C.H., Particleboard from Douglas-fir bark without additives (1960) Forest Products Research Laboratories, Report, No.15 pp.40 Ref.15, , United States Department of Agriculture: Madison, WI, USA; Almusawi, A., Lachat, R., Atcholi, K.E., Gomes, S., Proposal of manufacturing and characterization test of binderless hemp shive composite (2016) Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad, 115, pp. 302-307. , [CrossRef]; Krilov, A., Debarking of fibrous-barked hardwoods by ultra-high pressure water jets (1983) Wood Sci.Technol, 17, pp. 145-158. , [CrossRef]; (2001) Thermal Performance of Building Materials and Products—Determination of Thermal Resistance by Means of Guarded Hot Plate and Heat Flow Meter Methods—Products of High and Medium Thermal Resistance, , EN 12667:2001-; CEN, European Committee for Standardization: Brüssel, Belgium; (2013) 2013-Plattenebene Thermal Insulating Products for Building Applications—Determination of Tensile Strength Perpendicular to Faces, , EN 1607:; CEN, European Committee for Standardization: Brüssel, Belgium; (2005) Particleboards and Fibreboards—Determination of Swelling in Thickness after Immersion in Water, , EN 317:2005-; CEN, European Committee for Standardization: Brüssel, Belgium; (2015) Wood-Based Panels—Determination of Formaldehyde Release—Part 5: Extraction Method (Called the Perforator Method), , ISO 12460-5:2015-; CEN, European Committee for Standardization: Brüssel, Belgium; (2005) Wood-Based Panels—Sampling, Cutting and Inspection—Part 1: Sampling and Cutting of Test Pieces and Expression of Test Results, , EN 326-1:2005-; CEN, European Committee for Standardization: Brüssel, Belgium; Tudor, E.M., Barbu, M.C., Petutschnigg, A., Réh, R., Krišt’ák, L’., Analysis of larch-bark capacity for formaldehyde removal in wood adhesives (2020) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, p. 764. , [CrossRef]; Medved, S., Gajšek, U., Tudor, E.M., Barbu, M.C., Antonović, A., Efficiency of bark for reduction of formaldehyde emission from particleboards (2019) Wood Res, 64, pp. 307-316; Burhenne, L., Messmer, J., Aicher, T., Laborie, M.-P., The effect of the biomass components lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose on TGA and fixed bed pyrolysis (2013) J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 101, pp. 177-184. , [CrossRef]; Kemppainen, K., Siika-aho, M., Pattathil, S., Giovando, S., Kruus, K., Spruce bark as an industrial source of condensed tannins and non-cellulosic sugars (2014) Ind. Crop. Prod, 52, pp. 158-168. , [CrossRef]; Li, J., Li, C., Wang, W., Zhang, W., Reactivity of larch and valonia tannins in synthesis of tannin-formaldehyde resins (2016) Bioresources, 11, pp. 2256-2268. , [CrossRef]; Blechschmidt, J., (2010) Taschenbuch der Papiertechnik, , (Ed) Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG: München, Germany; Medved, S., Lesar, B., Tudor, E.M., Humar, M., Thermal insulation panels from cellulosic fibres (2015) For. Prod. J, 65, pp. 554-558; Sprengard, C., Treml, S., Holm, H.A., (2013) Technologien und Techniken zur Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden durch Wärmedämmstoffe: Metastudie Wärmedämmstoffe—Produkte—Anwendungen—Innovationen, , http://www.fiw-muenchen.de/media/pdf/metastudie_waermedaemmstoffe.pdf, (accessed on 9 January 2020)

PY - 2021/5/29

Y1 - 2021/5/29

N2 - Tree bark is a by-product of the timber industry available in large amounts, considering that approximately 10% of the volume of a tree stem is bark. Bark is used primarily for low-value applications such as heat generation or as mulch. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one that scrutinises thermal insulation panels made from spruce bark fibres with different densities and fibre lengths manufactured in a wet process. The insulation boards with densities between 160 and 300 kg/m3 were self-bonded. Internal bond, thermal conductivity, and dimensional stability (thickness swelling and water absorption), together with formaldehyde content, were analysed. The thermal properties of the boards were directly correlated with the density and reached about 0.044 W/m*K, while the internal bond was rather influenced by the fibre length and was relatively low (on average 0.07 N/mm2 ). The water absorption was high (from 55% to 380%), while the thickness swelling remained moderate (up to 23%). The results of this study have shown that widely available bark residues can be successfully utilised as an innovative raw material for efficient eco-friendly thermal insulation products.

AB - Tree bark is a by-product of the timber industry available in large amounts, considering that approximately 10% of the volume of a tree stem is bark. Bark is used primarily for low-value applications such as heat generation or as mulch. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one that scrutinises thermal insulation panels made from spruce bark fibres with different densities and fibre lengths manufactured in a wet process. The insulation boards with densities between 160 and 300 kg/m3 were self-bonded. Internal bond, thermal conductivity, and dimensional stability (thickness swelling and water absorption), together with formaldehyde content, were analysed. The thermal properties of the boards were directly correlated with the density and reached about 0.044 W/m*K, while the internal bond was rather influenced by the fibre length and was relatively low (on average 0.07 N/mm2 ). The water absorption was high (from 55% to 380%), while the thickness swelling remained moderate (up to 23%). The results of this study have shown that widely available bark residues can be successfully utilised as an innovative raw material for efficient eco-friendly thermal insulation products.

KW - Self-bonded boards

KW - Thermal conductivity

KW - Thermal insulation panels

KW - Tree bark fibre

KW - Zero formaldehyde content

KW - Fibers

KW - Forestry

KW - Shotcreting

KW - Water absorption

KW - Different densities

KW - Formaldehyde contents

KW - Insulation board

KW - Insulation products

KW - Internal bonds

KW - Large amounts

KW - Thickness swelling

KW - Timber industry

KW - Thermal insulation

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/ab8c9049-aca3-3654-8268-df397427dac9/

U2 - 10.3390/polym13111799

DO - 10.3390/polym13111799

M3 - Article

C2 - 34072429

SN - 2073-4360

VL - 13

JO - Polym.

JF - Polym.

IS - 11

ER -

Binderless Thermal Insulation Panels Made of Spruce Bark Fibres

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