TY - JOUR
T1 - An approach to classify thermally modified hardwoods by color
AU - Schnabel, T.
AU - Zimmer, B.
AU - Petutschnigg, A.J.
AU - Schönberger, S.
N1 - Cited By :42
Export Date: 14 December 2023
CODEN: FPJOA
Correspondence Address: Schnabel, T.; Dept. of Forest Products Technology and Management, , Salzburg, Austria; email: [email protected]
References: Beckwith, J.R., Theory and practice of hardwood color measurement (1979) Wood Sci, 11, pp. 169-175; Bektha, P., Niemz, P., Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce (2003) Holzforschung, 57, pp. 539-546; Bourgois, P.J., Janin, G., Guyonnet, R., The color measurement: A fast method to study and to optimize the chemical transformations undergone in the thermally treated wood (1991) Holzforschung, 45, pp. 377-382; Burmester, A., The dimensional stabilization of wood (1975) Holz RohWerkstoff, 33, pp. 333-335; Charrier, B., Charrier, F., Janin, G., Kamdem, M., Irmouli, M., Goncales, J., Study of industrial boiling process on walnut colour: Experimental study under industrial conditions (2002) Holz Roh-Werkstoff, 60, pp. 259-264; DIN 52183. 1977. Prüfungen von Holz. Bestimmung des Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes. (in German); DIN 52186. 1978. Prüfungen von Holz. Biegeversuch, (in German); Ewert, M., Scheiding, W., Thermally modified timberproperties and applications (2005) Holztechnologie, 46, pp. 22-29; Fcngel, D., On the changes of the wood and its components within the temperauture range up to 200 °C. Part I: Hot and cold water extracts of thermally treated sprucewood (1966) Holz Roh-Werkstoff, 24, pp. 9-14; Fcngel, D., On the changes of wood and its components in the temperature range up to 200 °C Part II: The hemicelluloses in untreated and thermally treated sprucewood (1966) HolIz Roh-Werkstoff, 24, pp. 98-109; Fcngel, D., On the changes of the wood and its components within the temperature range up to 200 °C Part IV: The behaviour of cellulose in sprucewood under thermal treatment (1967) Holz Roh-Werkstoff, 25, pp. 102-111; Fcngel, D., Przylenk, M., On changes in wood and its components at temperatures up to 200 °C-Part V: Influence of thermal treatment on lignin in sprucewood (1970) Holz Roh-Werkstoff, 28, pp. 254-263; Giebeler, E., Dimensional stabilization of wood by moisture-heat-pressure-treatment (1983) Holz Roh-Werkstoff, 41, pp. 87-94; Hanger, J., Huber, H., Lackner, R., Wimmer, R., Physical properties of domestic species after thermal-treatment (2002) Holzforschung Holzverwertung, 6, pp. 111-113; Hanger, J., Huber, H., Lackner, R., Wimmer, R., Fellner, J., Improving the natural durability of heat-treated spruce, pine and beech (2002) Holzforschung Holzverwertung, 5, pp. 92-93; Hartung, J., Elpelt, B., Multivariate Statistik (1999) Lehr- und Handbuch der angewandten Statistik, pp. 443-503. , Oldenbourg Verlag, München Wien. pp, in German; Kollmann, F., Fengel, D., Changes in the chemical composition of wood by thermal treatment (1965) Holz Roh-Werkstoff, 23, pp. 461-468; Rusche, H., Thermal degradation of wood at temperatures up to 200 °C. Part 1 : Strength properties of dried wood after heat treatment (1973) Holz Roh-Werkstoff, 31, pp. 273-281; Schneider, A., Investigations on the convection drying of lumber at extremely high temperatures. Part II: Drying degrade, changes in sorption, colour and strength of pine sapwood and beechwood at drying temperatures from 110 to 180 °C (1973) Holz Roh-Werkstoff, 31, pp. 198-206; Sullivan, J.D., Color characterization of wood: Spectrophotometry and wood color (1966) Forest Prod. J, 17 (7), pp. 43-48; Sullivan, J.D., Color characterization of wood: Color parameters of individual species (1966) Forest Prod. J, 17 (8), pp. 25-29; Sundqvist, B., Wood color control during kiln-drying (2002) Forest Prod. J, 52 (2), pp. 30-37; Tjeerdsma, B.F., Militz, H., Chemical changes in hydrothermal treated wood: FTIR analysis of combined hydrothermal and dry heat-treated wood (2005) Holz Roh-Werkstoff, 63, pp. 102-111; Wiberg, P., Colour changes of scots pine and norway spruce. A comparison between three different drying treatments (1996) Holz RohWerkstoff, 54, pp. 349-354; Wyszecki, G., Stiles, W.S., Color science (2000) Concepts and methods, quantitative data and formulae, pp. 131-169. , Wiley Classics Library, pp
PY - 2007
Y1 - 2007
N2 - This study deals with an approach to classify thermally modified wood. In recent years, this material has gained a strong foothold in interior and exterior use. To guarantee the fulfillment of customer requirements as well as specific aesthetic preferences, quality grades for thermally modified European Ash (Fraxinus Excelsior) and European Beech (Fagus Sylvatica) wood have to be defined. Only consistency in the expected properties can guarantee the long-term success of thermally modified hardwoods on the market. This study shows, while the modified wood can be classified by color, the moisture adsorption of the wood depends significantly on the type of treatment. Moreover, it was concluded that the color information can also be used to define various grades of thermally modified hardwoods according to the bending strength. Guidelines to determine the aesthetic and technical quality of thermally modified wood have to be established, which this study underlines. These findings will be useful to develop international and national standards for thermally modified hardwoods for various applications. © Forest Products Society 2007.
AB - This study deals with an approach to classify thermally modified wood. In recent years, this material has gained a strong foothold in interior and exterior use. To guarantee the fulfillment of customer requirements as well as specific aesthetic preferences, quality grades for thermally modified European Ash (Fraxinus Excelsior) and European Beech (Fagus Sylvatica) wood have to be defined. Only consistency in the expected properties can guarantee the long-term success of thermally modified hardwoods on the market. This study shows, while the modified wood can be classified by color, the moisture adsorption of the wood depends significantly on the type of treatment. Moreover, it was concluded that the color information can also be used to define various grades of thermally modified hardwoods according to the bending strength. Guidelines to determine the aesthetic and technical quality of thermally modified wood have to be established, which this study underlines. These findings will be useful to develop international and national standards for thermally modified hardwoods for various applications. © Forest Products Society 2007.
KW - Moisture adsorption
KW - Thermally modified hardwoods
KW - Bending (deformation)
KW - Color
KW - Customer satisfaction
KW - Hardwoods
KW - Bending
KW - Fagus
KW - Fagus sylvatica
KW - Fraxinus
KW - Fraxinus excelsior
M3 - Article
SN - 0015-7473
VL - 57
SP - 105
EP - 110
JO - Forest Products Journal
JF - Forest Products Journal
IS - 9
ER -