Advances in Wood-Based Composites

The significance of wood-based composites has grown substantially in recent years due to their enhanced material efficiency, sustainability, and versatile applications. These composites are engineered by integrating lignocellulosic wood elements, such as fibers, particles, or veneers, with thermoplastic or thermosetting polymeric adhesives through various manufacturing processes, including hot pressing, extrusion, or injection molding. The recent advancements in wood-based composites focus on multiple facets, including processing techniques, product innovations, surface and color treatments, and the examination of key properties. Furthermore, bio-based layered hybrid composites are being researched to provide sustainable alternatives in structural applications, alongside a focus on diversifying the sourcing of raw materials. To optimize performance characteristics, specific additives such as hardeners, coupling agents, plasticizers, and fillers are incorporated into the composite formulation. These additives play a critical role in improving interfacial adhesion, mechanical strength, dimensional stability, and resistance to environmental degradation, thereby enhancing the overall durability and functionality of the material. Additionally, energy efficiency is critical; therefore, improved manufacturing effectiveness and sustainability are targeted. Finally, significant insights into the acoustic properties of wood have been gained through the analysis of sound propagation velocity, combined with impacting design choices. In addition, the evaluation of cellulose macromolecular properties after chemical treatment helps understand changes that affect the performance of wood composites, indicating a comprehensive approach to enhancing wood-based materials.